What is a potential consequence of urbanization on watersheds?

Urbanization significantly alters the landscape and hydrology of watersheds, and one of the potential consequences is an increased risk of flooding. When urban areas are developed, natural vegetation is often removed, and impervious surfaces such as roads, buildings, and parking lots are created. These surfaces do not allow water to infiltrate the ground, leading to an increase in surface runoff during rainfall events.

As a result, the volume and speed of water that flows into drainage systems and waterways can drastically increase. This not only overwhelms local water management systems but also elevates the likelihood and frequency of flooding in urban areas and downstream regions. Urbanization can thus disrupt the natural flow patterns of rivers and streams, further contributing to flooding risks, especially when heavy rainfall occurs.

The other consequences, such as improved water quality, higher biodiversity, and reduced sediment run-off, are generally contrary to the effects of urbanization. In fact, urban development often leads to poorer water quality due to pollutants from roads and runoff, decreased biodiversity through habitat destruction, and increased sediment run-off caused by soil erosion on disturbed land.