Which disease shares similar symptoms with charcoal rot?

The correct choice is stalk rot because it presents symptoms that closely resemble those of charcoal rot, particularly in its impact on the plant's vascular system. Both diseases typically manifest in wilting, yellowing leaves, and a decline in plant vigor, especially during warm and dry conditions.

Stalk rot can often lead to the breakdown of the plant's stalk and similar discoloration, which can be mistaken for the symptoms seen in charcoal rot, as both diseases affect the integrity of the plant structure and may occur under similar environmental stresses.

Boll rot, on the other hand, primarily affects the developing bolls of the plant and typically causes different symptoms, such as rotting and decay, which are not seen with charcoal rot. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that is characterized by white, powdery spots on leaves, which are distinct from the symptoms of charcoal rot. Black rot is usually related to different types of blight affecting leaves or fruits rather than the vascular concerns that are central to both charcoal rot and stalk rot.