Which process involves the transformation of liquid water into vapor?

The transformation of liquid water into vapor is known as evaporation. This process occurs when water molecules gain enough energy, often from heat, to break free from the surface of the liquid and enter the atmosphere as gas. Evaporation is a key part of the water cycle and can be influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, surface area, and wind speed.

In contrast, the other processes listed have distinct meanings. Precipitation refers to water falling from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, typically in the form of rain, snow, or hail. Condensation is the process by which water vapor cools and transitions back into liquid water, forming droplets, such as dew or clouds. Transpiration pertains to the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere, playing a critical role in plant water regulation and contributing to the overall moisture in the air. Understanding these differences helps clarify why evaporation specifically describes the conversion of liquid water to vapor.